Investigating the effect of bruxism on maxillary arch length and width in children using three-dimensional digital model analysis.

BACKGROUND: Bruxism is defined as repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by the grinding and clenching of teeth. The prevalence of bruxism in children is extensive, and it can cause irregularities in dental arches. The study aimed to investigate the presence of any effects of bruxism on maxillary arch length and width in children using three-dimensional (3D) digital model analysis. METHOD: This study evaluated 30 children with bruxism. For every child with bruxism, a case control without bruxism was selected and matched for gender, age, and dentition. Digital models of the patients' maxilla were obtained with a 3D intraoral scanner, and width and length measurements between the reference points on the maxilla were obtained on the digital models. RESULTS: The mean age of the study group was 9.13 ± 1.27. Insignificance differences were found between females and males within and between groups in terms of maxillary width and length. Insignificant difference was found between the control and study groups when the lengths of 3R-3L, 4R-4L, 5R-5L, 6R-6L, and IP-M were compared (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, there were no differences in the maxillary arch length and width in patients with bruxism and patients without bruxism.

Impact of Three Different Education Methods on Oral Hygiene and Theoretical Knowledge of Schoolchildren

Objective: To evaluate the impact of three different education methods on the oral hygiene levels of school children using clinical and theoretical findings. Material and Methods: 144 children (72 males and 72 females), whose ages ranged between 8-13, were divided into 12 equal experimental groups according to their ages and gender. They were all considered to have poor hygiene. Only one out of the three different education methods (brochure, model or video) was applied to each group. The percentage change in PI, GI, BOP and theoretical test points from the baseline to the 6th months were evaluated. The data was statistically analysed by using Kolmogorov- Smirnov and One-way ANOVA tests. Results: Reduction in PI, GI and BOP scores was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the video applied groups compared to the brochure groups in the age of 8-10 groups for both genders and in 11-13-year-old males. In 11- 13-year-old females, all methods showed similar results (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in test points in 8-10 and 11-13-year-old female groups (p>0.05), whereas a significant increase in test points was observed in the video and model applied groups compared to the brochure groups in 8-10 and 11-13-year-old male groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It may be more helpful and effective for children to get the oral hygiene education using the visual methods, especially for those under the age of ten.

Severe unintentional extrusion of mineral trioxide aggregate during apexification.

The aim of this report was to present the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of a case including severe unintentional extrusion of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). An 11-year-old boy was referred with a previously traumatized permanent central incisor which was temporarily treated by using calcium hydroxide root canal filling material. Since having an open apex and a large periapical lesion, root canal treatment with MTA apexification was planned. During the apexification process, a huge amount of MTA was unintentionally extruded into periapical tissues. The parents were informed about the complication, and the obturation of the remaining root canal was completed. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed for 4 years. Complete healing of periapical lesion was confirmed by the radiographic follow-up at the 48th month. Patients should be followed-up for giving a chance to observe periapical healing without any surgical removal if the MTA is unintentionally extruded.

Retrospective evaluation of healing of periapical lesions after unintentional extrusion of mineral trioxide aggregate.

BACKGROUND: During the apexification procedure for teeth with open apices, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) may be unintentionally extruded. The aim of the present study was the retrospective evaluation of the healing of periapical lesions in permanent incisor teeth with open apices after the unintentional extrusion of MTA. METHODS: The clinical and radiographic records of 55 maxillary permanent central teeth treated by MTA apexification were evaluated. Filled teeth with unintentionally extruded MTA were selected as group 1 (n = 21), whereas the teeth with no MTA extrusion were selected as group 2 (n = 34). For each tooth, the clinical and radiographic records from a 3-year follow-up were investigated. RESULTS: Complete healing (CH) was observed in 19 teeth (90.4%) in group 1, whereas the same type of healing was observed in all 34 teeth (100%) in group 2 (p>0.05). At the 6-month follow-up appointment, 25 teeth (73.5%) showed CH in group 2, whereas 15 teeth (71.4%) showed CH at the 1-year follow-up in group 1 (p<0.001). At the end of the 3-year follow-up period, the amount of MTA extrusion was reduced in 17 teeth (85%) (p<0.05), whereas it was almost absent in 2 teeth (10%). CONCLUSIONS: The unintentional extrusion of MTA does not prevent the healing of periapical lesions, but may be a delaying factor for periapical healing.

Patterns of incisor-premolar agenesis combinations: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Tooth agenesis is the most common dental anomaly which causes serious problems in humans. Many theories were asserted to explain the main etiologic factor of this anomaly, and genetic factors were considered as primary reasons. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between incisor and premolar tooth agenesis and to reveal a considerable data about combinations of incisor-premolar agenesis and their frequency. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: According to inclusion and exclusion criterion, archived panoramic radiographs of nonsyndromic 6535 patients (4077 females and 2058 males) ranging in age from 7 to 18 years old were retrospectively examined to find the presence of tooth agenesis. Panoramic radiographs showing at least one tooth agenesis were recorded, and the missing tooth or teeth excluding third molars were noted. METHODS: Combinations of incisor-premolar tooth agenesis were listed, and the most affected teeth groups were noted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Collected data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test or Fisher exact's Chi-square test. RESULTS: Three hundred and eight patients (4.7%) who had at least one tooth agenesis and 648 missing permanent tooth, excluding third molars, were detected. Although the sample size of females was bigger than males in all examined patients, tooth agenesis was detected significantly more in males than females (P = 0.021). Thirty-two patients (10.4%) had both incisor and premolar agenesis, and of all patients, twenty patients (6, 5%) were found to have both maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular second premolar agenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Combinations of tooth agenesis are an issue which has begun to take attention recently. The results of the present study may provide empirical data for further genetic studies.

Evaluation of the dentinal wall adaptation ability of MTA Fillapex using stereo electron microscope.

BACKGROUND: An ideal root canal obturation requires a complete dentinal wall adaptation of sealer and Gutta-percha combinations without any gap formations. AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the dentinal wall adaptation ability of MTA Fillapex root canal sealer using stereo electron microscope (SEM). METHODS: Twenty-four, single-rooted, human maxillary incisor teeth were used. All canals were prepared with a rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instrument to a size F3 file. Teeth divided into two equal groups and one of the experimental groups was filled with AH Plus, and the other group was filled with MTA Fillapex using Gutta-percha single cone as a core material. The roots were prepared for SEM evaluation, and serial scanning electron photomicrographs were taken at ×50, ×100, ×500, and ×1000 magnifications. The gaps between the root canal sealer and canal walls were detected and measured in coronal, middle, and apical thirds. For each section, the highest value among the detected gap formations was recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U-test, Freidman, and Wilcoxon tests were used. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between two sealers in terms of gap formation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MTA Fillapex has a similar dentinal wall adaptation ability as AH Plus does.

Evaluation of the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography on measuring impacted supernumerary teeth.

Supernumerary teeth may affect the tooth eruption negatively if they occur on the eruption way, and the treatment choice is usually the extraction to prevent the impaction of adjacent permanent teeth. CBCT enables clear and three dimensional images, and it may be helpful to determine the exact location and to measure the dimensions of the supernumerary tooth to avoid any complication during the extraction process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT on measuring the tooth length and crown width of impacted supernumerary teeth. Twenty-five impacted supernumerary teeth were evaluated using CBCT, and each sample's tooth length and crown width were measured prior to the extraction. After all the extractions were completed, the actual measurements were performed on the same samples. The differences between CBCT and actual measurements were evaluated statistically. Measurements on CBCT images were significantly larger than the actual measurements on tooth length and crown width. For tooth length and crown width, p value was found as 0.045, and <0.001, respectively. The results of the present study should be considered as important by clinicians during the treatment planning to decrease any complication risk under certain conditions such as being so close to an important anatomical structure or the root of an adjacent tooth. SCANNING 38:579-584, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth: A survey on 7348 people.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of supernumerary teeth with by evaluating a large group of adult patients in Turkey and to investigate the characteristics of supernumerary teeth with their complications and treatment options. STUDY DESIGN: This descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in 7348 adult patients aged over 18 years (3212 females and 4136 males). The characteristics of the supernumerary teeth were noted and the diagnosis was made during clinical and radiographic examination with the help of panaromic, periapical, and occlusal radiography. Information on the demographic variables for each patient, including age and gender, were colleceted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All supernumerary teeth were classfied under several titles such as location, position, morphology, eruption, clinical complications, and treatment protocols. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Chi-squared test was used to determine differences in distribution of supernumerary teeth when stratified by gender. The statistical significance was established by confidence interval of 95% (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: 123 (2.14%) affected patients (69 females and 54 males) were observed with a female:male ratio of 1.28:1 (P < 0.05). One hundred and fifty-six supernumerary teeth were detected in all affected patients. CONCLUSION: Supernumerary teeth may be observed in adults patients with a similar frequency (2.14%) as in children and young adolescents, and clinicians should take measures and examine all patients carefully even at older ages.

Dentigerous cyst in a young child.

Dentigerous cyst is a type of odontogenic cysts and generally occurs in the ages of twenties or thirties. Dentigerous cyst always includes a tooth which cannot complete the eruption process and occurs around the crown by the fluid accumulation between the layers of enamel organ. In rare cases, dentigerous cyst occurs in the first decade of life and develops in an immature permanent tooth as a result of a chronic inflammation of overlying nonvital primary tooth. In this report, a case of dentigerous cyst in primary dentition in a 5-year-old child patient and its treatment were presented. The dentigerous cyst was totally enucleated, and the unerupted permanent first premolar tooth was removed from the primary mandibular right premolar region. There was no recurrence observed after 18 months follow-up.

Laser treatment of an oral squamous papilloma in a pediatric patient: a case report.

Oral squamous papilloma is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium, which results in a papillary or verrucous exophytic mass induced by human papilloma virus (HPV). These oral mucosa lesions are most often asymptomatic and have small progression. Laser assisted surgery is common nowadays with several advantages including successful hemostasis, devoid of sutures, wound sterilization and minimal post-operative pain and edema. The aim of this report is to present the oral squamous papilloma in a pediatric patient and its treatment with soft tissue laser. The lesion was excised with diode laser and the healing was uneventful in follow-up visit after one year. Oral squamous papillomas can be found in child's oral cavity and laser dentistry can be used by dental clinicians to treat these kinds of oral lesions and should be considered as an alternative to conventional surgery.